Jessop's Genuine Sheffield Steels

Copyright, 1927, By
William Jessop & Sons, Inc.

JESSOP'S GENUINE
SHEFFIELD STEELS

MANUFACTURED IN

SHEFFIELD, ENGLAND
SINCE 1774

William Jessop & Sons, Inc*

91 JOHN STREET .
163 HIGH STREET
1857 FULTON STREET

. NEW YORK
BOSTON, MASS.
CHICAGO, ILL,

J ESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

N 1774, shortly after the crucible method of making steel
had been introduced by Huntsman, William Jessop estab-
lished a small Works in Sheffield, England, with the object
of developing the manufacture of crucible steel. He had
an ideal in mind — that of producing a better grade of steel than any
other on the market at that time. His methods were much the same
as those of other makers, but the quality of his products were improved
by the exercise of exceptional care and skill in the selection of raw
materials and in the various manufacturing operations.

This superior quality was soon recognized by the engineering
world, and with a view to enlarging the market William Jessop decided
to place his products on the American market in 1828, and jto-day it
can truthfully be claimed that many important American engineering
industries owe their origin to the superior qualities of the crucible steels
made by William Jessop in Sheffield.

Such a reputation acquired after patient and persistent efforts to
maintain and improve the original high standard set by the founder,
has been carefully safeguarded. As the science of engineering pro-
gressed, demanding both better grading of existing steels and new
grades to meet more exacting conditions, William Jessop & Sons, Ltd.,
improved and perfected their plant by introducing new and refined
methods of manufacture to meet modern conditions.

In addition they have organized and maintained a staff of highly
trained and competent metallurgists and chemists constantly engaged
on practical research work. Many special alloy steels have been evolved
with a view to adaptability to particular purposes.

The basis of all high grade tool steels is Swedish bar iron and the
finest available material in the world for this purpose are the Danne-
mora brands. In this connection it is interesting to note that for many
years Wm. Jessop & Sons, Ltd., have been the sole importers of the
best brand of Dannemora Iron, namely, the double bullet — oo — brand.

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

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JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

The same care has always been exercised in melting and other
processes of manufacture, and new methods have been introduced only
after careful examination by the technical staff, and proof that they will
in no way deteriorate the high quality of the steels.

These steels are now universally recognized as standards of high
quality. They are perfectly graded and guaranteed to wear well and
give satisfactory service under the most exacting conditions.

William Jessop & Sons, Ltd., have had a unique experience in steel
making in that it has extended continuously over ISO years, a tribute
not only to the excellence of its products, but also to its integrity in
business methods.

The services of our scientific and technical staff are available at
any time for clients who require information, advice or assistance con-
cerning their steel problems, and if necessary we will make experiments
in any process of manufacture when necessary to the solution of par-
ticular problems.

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

[4]

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE

Terms are net cash within 30 days from receipt of invoice unless
otherwise agreed in writing.

Prices and quotations are f.o.b. at our New York, Boston, Chicago
or Toronto Warehouses.

Quotations are for immediate acceptance, and prices are subject to
modification without notice.

Sales and contracts are contingent upon strikes, lock-outs, fires >
serious accidents and other causes beyond our control.

Steel which is found to be defective when properly used will be
replaced free of charge or credited, but no claims for labor or conse-
quential damages can be allowed.

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

[5]

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

Hints on Ordering Carbon Tool Steels

In order to get the best results out of a set of tools, it is desirable
to take every precaution in making out the order so that suitable mate-
rial of the correct shape and size is procured. To assist in this, the
following hints have been compiled, more especially for the benefit of
those steel users who do not possess the benefit of a staff of metallurg-
ical experts to give advice on this important matter. When such ad-
vice is available it is customary for the user to specify the chemical
analysis of the material required.

It should be distinctly understood that two factors, namely, grade
and temper, are essential to the proper definition of a Carbon Tool
Steel.

Grade has reference to the - quality of the steel, and is a function
of the raw materials used and the method of melting employed, while
temper refers to the carbon content. The advantages of using a steel
of high grade lies in the lessened degree of risk involved, principally
during the hardening operations. In the production of intricate tools
involving a high ratio of labor to material cost, it is folly to select any-
thing but the highest grade of steel for the purpose; lower grade steels
should be chosen only in cases in which there are to be made relatively
simple tools, or tools which are to be used for very short runs.

Whenever possible, the carbon content required should be stated
clearly. Since very early times it has been the custom of steel makers
to decrease the carbon content with increasing size of bar. Originally,
no doubt, this was intended to counteract the increased tendency of
large bars towards cracking in the quenching operation. For the self-
same reason squares, flats, octagons and hexagons usually possess a
lower carbon content than round bars of equal sectional area. But
with increased knowledge and improved methods of heat treatment,
there should no longer be any necessity -for this practice, and the car-
bon content of the bars should be determined entirely by the work
which the finished tool has to do.

Another important factor to bear in mind is the inevitable surface
decarburization which takes place during the forging and rolling of
Tool Steel. This decarburization takes place principally during the
early stages of working the steel when the mass is large enough to en-
tail prolonged exposure to the furnace atmosphere. Subsequent work-
ing naturally reduces the thickness of the decarburized skin. Conse-

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

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JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

quently the machining allowance should be greater on large bars than
on smaller ones. In this connection the following table will be a useful
guide :

Dimensions of Bars Minimum Machining Allowance

Below %" W

54 to 2" ...Mo"

2" to 4" W

Over 4" W

The machining allowance represents the material which must be
removed in order to get below the decarburized layer.

In order to give further assistance in the proper selection of a steel
for a particular purpose, the following table has been compiled, show-
ing the temper numbers, approximate carbon contents and appropriate
uses of Jessop's Sheffield Tool Steels. This table applies to our Yellow,
Green and Black Label qualities indiscriminately.

Temper No. Carbon Content Appropriate Use

7\ 0.70-0.85% Smith's tools, pneumatic hammers and chisels, hol-

8j low punches, press tools, rivet snaps, die^ blocks,

coal cutters, caulking tools, drifts, rock drills.

9 0.90-1.00% Gauges, cold chisels and wood working tools;

reamers, screw dies, press tools, drills, heavy-
punches, milling cutters, mandrels, shear blades,
stone cutting tools, stamping tools and trimming
dies.

10 1.00-1.10% Large drills, pneumatic tools, punches and press

tools, boiler tube expanders, broachers, cutting tools
from 1" to 3" diameter, circular cutters up to Vi"
thick, collets and gauges up to 2" diameter, drills
up to 2" diameter, end tools from Vi" to V/i'
diameter, gauges, grinding machine spindles, lathe
centres, milling cutters, mandrels, mill picks, pipe
cutters, jigs, snap gauges, straight edges, screw
gauges, reamers and taps.

11 1.10-1.20% Smaller drills, turning tools from M" to about

V/i" square, broaches, cutting tools from 24" to 1"
square, drills up to %" diameter, dies, file cutters,
chisels, gauges, graver tools, heading dies, lathe
centres, mandrels, recessing tools, screw dies,
scrapers, templates, planing tools and small taps.

12 1.20-1.40% Very small tools, engraving tools and rifling tools,

broaches up to cutting tools up to *A" diameter,
drills under fustian knives, feathers, gauges,
screw gauges, planing tools.

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

CARBON TOOL STEELS

WM. JESSOP & SONS' CAST STEEL, WARRANTED.

BEST CAST STEEL — YELLOW LABEL

T 1 1HIS Steel needs no introduction to the American manufacturers,
since it has been in continuous use since the early part of the last
century. All that is best in carbon tool steels is summed up in Yellow
Label, which is referred to as a standard by other steel-makers.

The Tool-Maker who is called upon to make tools, dies, etc., in
which freedom from risk in hardening and long life are required, can-
not afford to be without it.

Annealing: Heat to 1380° F. for 30 minutes to 12 hours, according
to size of tool and results required, and allow to cool
slowly.

Forging: Heat to 1575° F. for the lower tempers and 1500° F. for
the highest temper. Do 'not continue hammering below
1100° F.

Hardening: Heat slowly to 1400 to 1450° F., according to temper ;

soak for appropriate time and quench in water or brine.
Temper all tools at 400° F. to 550° F. for at least 20
minutes immediately after quenching.

Read carefully notes on treatment, Page 11

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

[8]

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

CARBON TOOL STEELS

GREEN LABEL

William Jesi

GREEN LABEL CAST STEEL

N the grounds of production economy, modern engineering prac-

tice demands steels which are not necessarily of the same ultra
quality as Yellow Label Steel.

Necessity demands that certain tools must be produced at a price
which prohibits the use of the most expensive steels. In other cases the
stresses to which a particular tool is subjected in use does not require
the application of a steel of the highest quality. It is in these cases
that this grade of steel is to be recommended with confidence, because
it is made by the same methods and the same experienced craftsmen
who are engaged in the production of Yellow Label Steel.

Annealing: Heat to 1380° F. for 30 minutes to 12 hours, according
to size of tool and results required, and allow to cool
slowly.

Forging: Heat to 1575° F. for the lower tempers and 1500° F. for

the highest temper. Do not continue hammering below

Hardening: Heat slowly to 1400 to 1450° F., according to temper;

soak for appropriate time and quench in water or brine.
Temper all tools at 400° F. to 550° F. for at least 20
minutes immediately after quenching.

Read carefully notes on treatment, Page 1 1

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

1100° F.

[9]

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

CARBON TOOL STEELS

black label WILLIAM JESSOP & SONS' CAST STEEL black label

BLACK LABEL CAST STEEL

MANY requirements demand a grade of tool steel of a compara-
tively low price, and the increasing demand for such a steel has
prompted the introduction of this Brand to users. It is available in the
same range of carbons as the two higher grade steels, and therefore its
field of utility is very extensive. It is a steel suitable more particularly
for those tools which are subjected to rough treatment during use.

Annealing: Heat to 1380° F. for 30 minutes to 12 hours, according
to size of tool and results required, and allow to cool
slowly.

Forging: Heat to 1575° F. for the lower tempers and 1500° F. for
the highest temper. Do not continue hammering below
1100° F.

Hardening: Heat slowly to 1400 to 1450° F., according to temper;

soak for appropriate time and quench in water or brine.
Temper all tools at 400° F. to 550° F. for at least 20
minutes immediately after quenching.

Read carefully notes on treatment, Page 11

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

[10]

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

Suggestions for the Treatment of Carbon Tool Steels

Since the difference between the various grades of our Carbon
Tool Steels lies in the quality and not the content of those elements
which go to determine the hardening of the Steel, the same forging,
annealing and hardening instructions are applicable to all our grades
of Carbon Steels.

Forging should be carried out at 1500° to 1575° F., i.e., bright to
cherry red according to the temper of the steel. Great care should be
taken to heat up the steel slowly, especially with the higher tempers,
as these are very liable to acquire surface cracks by sudden heating.
Forging should not be continued below 1100° F. or a blood red, other-
wise the material is liable to be unduly stressed or even permanently
damaged, both by external and internal cracking, which may or may
not become apparent until after the final operation of hardening. It is
better to reheat several times than to run the risk of over-heating or
over-working brought about by operating outside the temperature range
of 1100° F. to 1575° F. Another very important precaution is to leave
ample allowances for machining on all surfaces which are to be hard.

Annealing may be carried out for a number of objects, the prin-
cipal of which are:

1. The release of stresses set up by the preliminary operations, so
as to prevent their affecting the subsequent ones.

2. To get the material into the proper condition for rapid and
easy machining.

The first object can be attained by heating the forgings, blanks or
roughly machined tools to 1380° F. very slowly, maintaining them at
this temperature for 30 minutes after they are thoroughly soaked
through, and then allowing them to cool slowly, preferably in the fur-
nace. During the whole of this operation the furnace atmosphere
should be kept non-oxidising, so as to prevent undue scaling and de-
carburisation of the pieces.

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

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JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

In order to get the material into the best condition for rapid and
easy machining, a much longer operation is necessary. The tools should
be closely packed into a box with a close-fitting lid, so as to exclude
free access of air. This operation can be assisted by introducing char-
coal or cast iron borings into the spaces between the tools. The box
is then introduced into a furnace, the temperature raised to 1380° F.
and maintained at this temperature for 4 to 12 hours, according to
the degree of softness required, after which the box is allowed to cool
down in the furnace over night.

Hardening Heat the tools slowly to 1400° to 1450° F. and allow
to soak at this temperature for 15 minutes to 1 hour, according to the
mass of the tool. Remove from the furnace and quench in water or
brine at 75° to 80° F. After the tools are quenched they should be
removed immediately to the tempering bath.

Tempering should be performed on every tool, for even boiling
in water has a great effect on the removal of internal stress. The actual
tempering temperature should be from 400° F. to 550° F., according
to the nature of the tool, and all tempering operations should be carried
on for at least 20 minutes.

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

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JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

Tempering Colors and Temperature used in Drawing

Carbon Steels

In some cases a proper tempering bath is not available, and with
certain classes of tools complete immersion is undesirable. A portion
of the tool can then be polished bright with a piece of emery cloth and
the tool placed on a hot plate and the temperature judged from the
temper colors which appear on the polished surface. The following
table shows the temperatures at which the various colors appear:

Temper Color Temperature °F.

Light Straw 420°

Straw (Canary) 440°

Deep Straw 460°

Brownish Yellow 480°

Light Brown 500°

Dark Brown 520°

Purple 540°

Bluish Purple 560°

Blue 580°

Dark Blue 600°

In applying this method of tempering it is important always to
keep the conditions the same, more particularly with regard to the rate
of heating.

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

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JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

NON=SHRINKABLE TOOL STEEL

JESSOP'S SUPERIOR OIL-HARDENING STEEL

SUPERIOR OIL=HARDENING STEEL

THIS Steel has been developed to meet the demand for a steel with
a low coefficient of expansion and a small volume change through
the critical range for the production of precision tools, such as taps,
dies, master gauges. Makers of these classes of tools require a steel
which shall be easy to harden, free from distortion and show minimum
dilatation during treatment, and Jessop's Superior Oil-Hardening Steel
meets these requirements. These properties have been produced by a
proper combination of the carbon, manganese and tungsten contents,
making the material essentially oil-hardening steel, and under no cir-
cumstances should tools made from it be hardened in water. Another
advantage possessed by this Steel in the annealed condition is its re-
markably free cutting properties, so that it responds readily to all types
of machining operations.

Annealing; Heat to 1380° F. for 30 minutes to 12 hours, according
to size of tool and results required, and allow to cool
slowly.

Forging: Heat to 1575° F. and hammer carefully. Do not continue
hammering below 1100° F.

Hardening: Heat slowly to 1400° F. and allow to soak 5 or 10 min-
utes longer than would be required for a corresponding
carbon tool, and quench in thin oil. For very intricate
tools or where a minimum distortion is required, allow
the tool to cool to 1300° F. in the furnace prior to
quenching.

Tempering: Temper at 450° F. for 20 minutes.
Note: On no account must water quenching be adopted with this Steel.
Subject to Carbon Steel Classification of extras

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

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JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

TOOL STEEL
FORGINGS

Blanks Rolls

Rings and Forgings of irregular shapes made of Tool Steel.

Also Annealed Cutter Blanks supplied promptly from stock or made to order.

Price list of sizes sent on request.

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

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JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

Classification of Extras
Carbon Tool Steel

ROUND, SQUARE, OCTAGON AND HEXAGON

All dimensions inclusive

Extra
Per Lb.

Inches Cents

% to 2 in Base

2y 8 to 3 in 1.0

3V 8 to 4 in 1.5

4^ to 5 in 2.0

Sy 8 to 6 in 2.5

6 T / 8 to 7 in 3.0

7V& to 8 in 3.5

tk to ^ in. ' 0.5

A to Vs in 1.0

ft and |£ in 2.0

^4 and 3% in 3.0

A in 5.0

& in 10.0

in. Square 18.0

y$ in. Round 50.0

Intermediate sizes take next higher extra
Annealing lc per lb. extra

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

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JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

Classification of Extras
Carbon Tool Steel

(Continued)
FLAT

Extra Extra

Per Lb. Per Lb.

Inches Cents Inches Cents

% to 2 in, thick x 9/16 to 2 in. wide Base

ft x A 20.0 A x H to H 1-5

g£;x % 15.0 A x 11 to 8 1.0

(£« i% 8.0 ji x is to 8 1.0

ff x H 4.0 Ax J A to 8 1.0

% x a to y 2 3.0 y 2 x to 8 1.0

J£x A to 7 2.0 A x 2H to 8 1.0

% x 7/ 8 to 8 3.0 Y % to 2 x 2^ to 7 .... 1.0

t 3 s x ^ 5.0 5/ 8 to l-M x 7/s to 8 .... 1.0

A x tk 4.0 1% to 2 x 7^ to 8 .... 1.5

fa x ^ 3.0 2^ to 3 x 2% to 5 .... 1.0

i 3 s x A to 2.0 2% to 3 x 5^ to 8 .... 1.5

A x H to 2 1.5 3% to 4 x 3^ to 6 .... 1.5

A x 2^ to 7 1.0 3% to 4 x 6^ to 8 .... 2.0

x 7/ 8 to 8 2.0 4y 8 to 5 x 4^ to 7 .... 2.0

Ji x A to ^ 2.0 4Vs to 5 x 7^ to 8 .... 2.5

^x i 7 s to s/ 8 1.5 5% to 6 x 5^ to 8 .... 2.5

54 x H to 2 1.5 6V& to 7 x 6^ to 7 .... 3.0

/ 4 x 2/ 8 to 7 1.0 6% to 8 x 7^ to 8 .... 3.5

J4 x 7^ to 8 2.0

Intermediate sizes take the next higher extra
Cutting to Specified Single and Multiple Lengths

Extra
Per Lb.
Cents

24 in. and over 0.5

18 to 2311 in 1.0

12 to 17i§ in 1.5

6 to Mii in. 2.0

Less than 6 in., special price

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

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JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

SHEETS AND STRIPS

HOT ROLLED CARBON TOOL STEEL

For Cutlery, Saws, Springs, Slotting Saws, Hack Saws, Gin Saws,
and all general purposes

Furnished in gauges from y A " thick to .009 (32 B.W. Gauge) in
lengths 4 to 7 feet, and widths up to 20 inches,

These sheets are rolled flat, accurate to gauge, free from all sur-
face imperfections, and can be furnished in the Unannealed or Annealed
condition as required.

A complete line of all standard sizes of Best Quality Steel Plates
suitable for wood saws is available.

This Steel is manufactured of carefully selected base materials,
under rigid mill inspection, and embodies all the essentials demanded
by the saw manufacturer. The extreme care carried out in the various
processes is a guarantee of homogeneous steel, uniform rolling, accu-
rate shearing and freedom from pit marks and other surface blemishes.

We also furnish on special order, Alloy Steel Plates, Sheets or
Strips for wood and metal cutting.

CAST SHEET STEEL

Yellow Label
Green Label
Black Label

CIRCULAR SAW PLATES

ALLOY SAW STEELS

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

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JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

HACK SAW STEEL

HACK SAW SHEETS are made in two grades— Carbon and
Tungsten.

Our Hack Saw Sheets are used in all countries where hack saws
are produced.

The steel is produced from Swedish base melted in crucibles, and
the product is not only critically examined in the finished stage, but
also in the intermediate states of slabs and moulders. All surface de-
fects are removed in these stages, so that the finished sheets are free
from all surface blemishes.

The essential characteristics of Hack Saw Steels are that the sheets
aid be flat and have a firmly adherent scale which readily detaches
itself in hardening. At the same time the sheet should be reasonably
stiff, but free from mechanical stresses which cause distortion during
hardening. Owing to the fact that prolonged heating around about the
critical temperature puts the tungsten into a state in which its cutting
perties cannot be developed during ordinary hardening operations,
the solution of all these problems has had to be found in the method of
rolling. In our Mills a special study has been made of this product,
md the correct rolling conditions defined both as regards to temper-
Stares and pressure of rolls. As a result we can guarantee our product
fiat, accurate to gauge, with a thin adherent scale readily removed dur-
ing hardening, and at the same time to be in a condition to develop its
ft D cutting properties after hardening.

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

[19]

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

Classification of Extras
Carbon Sheet Tool Steel

Extra

Per Lb.

P«Lb.

Cents

Cents

No. 14

ga,

, (.083)

No. 15

ga.

(.072) .

0.25

No. 24

ga.

(.022)

. 4.00

No. 16

ga.

(.065)

0.25

No.

25

ga.

(.020)

5.00

No. 17

ga.

(.058)

0.50

No.

26

ga.

(.018) ..,

6.00

No. 18

ga.

(.049)

0.75

No.

27

ga.

(.016) ...

50.00

No. 19

ga.

(.042) .

1.00

No.

28

ga.

(.014) ...

50.00

No. 20

ga.

(.035)

1.25

No.

29

ga.

(.013) ...

50.00

No. 21

ga.

(.032)

1.50

No.

30

ga.

(.012) ...

, .. 52.00

No. 22

ga.

(.028)

2.00

No.

32

ga.

(.009)

, 80.00

No. 23

ga.

(.025)

3.00

Thicknesses specified in above list are Birmingham or Stubbs
gauge.

Annealing 2c per lb. extra

Shearing per cut

Classification of Extras
Circular Saw Plates

Extra
Per Lb.
Cents

10 to 46 in Base

4 and 5 in. diameter 6.0

6 and 7 in. diameter 4.0

8 and 9 in. diameter 2.0

48 in. diameter 1.0

50 in. diameter 2.0

52 and 54 in. diameter , 3,0

56 to 60 in. diameter 5.0

62 and 64 in. diameter 7.0

Intermediate sizes take the next higher extra.

Diameters larger than 64 in. subject to special quotations.

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

[20]

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

HIGH SPEED STEELS

William Jessop & Sons, Limited, have developed four brands of
High Speed Steels to cover all purposes.

"ARK" is a 14 per cent, tungsten steel particularly suitable for
making twist drills where the ability to resist torsional strain is at
least of equal importance with the cutting ability of this class of tool.

"ARK SUPERIOR." This is an 18 per cent, tungsten steel, suit-
able for turning tools, milling cutters, etc., used under ordinary con-
ditions.

"ARK SUPERIOR FOR CAST IRON." This is also an 18 per
cent, tungsten steel, with a higher chrome content than the ordinary
grade, and is particularly suitable for turning iron castings which are
liable to be hard and also contain inclusions of sand. On such work
the ordinary brands of high speed steel do not stand up as well, hence
the new development.

"ARK SUPERLATIVE" is the latest development in high speed
steel, developed to meet the demand for machining such material as
manganese steel, brake-hardened and worn tires, sorbitic tires, etc.

ALL THESE BRANDS OF HIGH SPEED STEEL CAN BE OBTAINED
in all sizes of Tool Holder Bits.

Forging; Heat slowly to 2000° F. and hammer carefully. If tem-
perature drops below 1700° F., reheat to 2000° F. before
completing forging operation.

Annealing: Pack in lime, charcoal or iron borings and heat to 1550°
F. for two to six hours and then allow to cool down
slowly in furnace.

Hardening; Preheat to 1300° F., then transfer to a furnace heated to
2300° F. for 14 per cent, tungsten steels and 2400° F.
for 18 per cent, tungsten steels. As soon as the cutting
edges have attained the temperature of the furnace, cool
off in air blast or quench in oil. Draw or temper at
1100° F.

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

[21]

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

HIGH SPEED STEELS

(Continued)

Grinding probably plays a greater part in determining the life of
a high speed tool than that of a carbon tool The highly alloyed nature
of high speed steel results in the steel becoming hardened throughout,
while with carbon steels the hardness is more or less superficial. This
accounts for the greater tendency of high speed steels to surface crack-
ing unless grinding conditions are ideal. Whenever possible wet grind-
ing should be resorted to, using an ample stream of cold water. The
wheels used should be both coarser and softer than the grade used for
carbon steels. When dry grinding is imperative, then it is advisable to
use very light cuts and slow traverses. In either case it is essential to
keep the wheel well dressed, as nothing is more likely to bring about
the failure of a tool in use than grinding with a glazed wheel.

SUPERIOR "ARK" HIGH SPEED STEEL
TOOL HOLDER BITS

Sizes and lengths carried in stock :
■ie in. square, 2 in. long
54 in. square, 2 in. long
i 5 * in. square, 2*4 in, long
Y% in. square, 3 in. long
■h in. square, 3 and Z J / 2 in. long
y 2 in. square, 4 in, long
Y% in. square, 4^ in. long
34 in. square, 5 in. long
Special lengths and sizes made to order.

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

[22]

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

Inches

% to

2 in.

A to

A to

n ■•

A to

ii ..

54 to

a ..

2% to

ty ..

254 to

3^ to

3J4 ..

Classification of Extras — High Speed Steel
ROUNDS AND SQUARES

Extra Extra
Per Lb, Per Lb.

Cents Inches Cents

Base

2.0 35/6 to 4 3.5

3.5 4Vs to 4y 2 4.0

6.0 454 to 5 4.5

8.5 $% to Sy 2 5.0

2.0 554 to 6 5.5

2.5 6% to 6y 2 6.0

... 3.0 6¥ & to 7 .6.5

Intermediate sizes take the next higher extra.

FLATS

Extra 1 Extra

Per Lb. Per Lb.
Inches Cents Inches Cents

% to 2 in. thick by % to 2 in. wide Base

y 8 x A 40.0 3/ 8 x % to \y 2 3.0

y 8 x y 30.0 H x iy 8 to 5 2.5

a 20.0 Ax y 2 to 1 3.0

3^ to 3 14.0 A x l/ 8 to 5/2 2.5

y A to 3 14.0 ^ x to 1 2.5

% x A to ^ 8.0 ^ x l/ 8 to 6 2.0

54 x ^ to 1 5,0 Ax ^ to 1 2.5

y x \y 8 to 4 3.0 A x i/ 8 to 6 2.0

Ax 3/ 8 to s/ 8 5.0 Vs to 2 x to 4 2.0

Ax 34 to 1 3.5 </ 8 to 2 x 4% to 7 4.0

A x 1^ to 4y 2 3.0 2/ 8 to 3 x 2% to 4 2.0

?4 x A to 54 3 -° 2l A to 3 x 4% to 7 4.0

Intermediate sizes take next higher extra.

All dimensions inclusive.

Annealing per lb. 2c

Extra

Cutting to Specified Single and Multiple Lengths p ^ n ^

24 in. and over ■ • 1-0

18 to 2311 in ' 2 -°

12 to 1711 in 3.0

6 to 1H§ in f 4.0

Less than 6 in. — Special Price

x

X
X

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

[23] .

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

SPECIAL STEELS
COMPOSITE DIE STEEL

Part Iron and Part Best Die Steel, carefully annealed

This material possesses distinct advantages for certain classes of
tools because of the toughness imparted by the iron backing, which
being of the best Swedish quality, remains soft after the hardening
operation.

We carry in stock an assortment of sizes of half iron and half
steel from y A x % to 7x V/ 2 .

Other sizes or other proportions of iron to steel will be supplied
from the mill at short notice.

Subject to Carbon Tool Steel Classification of Extras

DURO STEEL

is a Crucible Cast Steel, alloyed with tungsten to refine the grain and
produce a steel which is harder and possesses greater cutting capacity
than a straight carbon steel. This renders the material specially suit-
able for such tools as twist drills, chasers, thread rolling dies, taps and
similar tools.

This brand can be used with equal satisfaction as an oil-hardening
or a water-hardening steel.

Hardening: Heat to 1500° F. for water quenching, and to 1575° F.

for oil quenching. Temper as for carbon steel tools of
similar types.

Subject to Carbon Steel Classification of Extras

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

[24]

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

SPECIAL STEELS

(Continued)

ALLOY "B" STEEL

FOR FAST FINISHING WORK

This Steel is a high carbon, chrome tungsten steel capable of tak-
ing and maintaining a keen cutting edge at speeds higher than those
used in the case of plain carbon steels, and was originally evolved to
make up the well known deficiencies of high speed steel for finishing
work, and also for the production of such tools as barrel bits, which
are required for drilling long holes. Subsequent investigation showed
that the special properties of the steel made it particularly adaptable
for machining ebonite, vulcanite and bakelite ; for turning chilled rolls,
and also for drawing dies, especially those used in the copper and
brass trades.

Annealing: Heat slowly to 1450° F. ; maintain at this temperature
for about 50 per cent, longer time than for straight car-
bon steel and cool slowly.

Hardening: Heat slowly to 1500° F. ; soak for about 50 per cent.

longer time than for carbon steel Cutting tools should
be quenched in water and drawing dies quenched in oil.
Temper cutting tools at 450° F., and dies at 550° F.,
for 30 minutes.

Subject to High Speed Steel Classification of Extras

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

[25]

J ESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

SPECIAL STEELS

(Continued)

ALLOY "C" STEEL

FOR HIGH PRODUCTION WORK

This is a very high carbon, highly alloyed Steel on which we have
spent many years of systematic research to develop a steel which should
be capable of deep hardening and possess great resistance to abrasive
wear. The steel resists scaling during heating to a high degree ; is
capable of either air or oil hardening, during which operation the ma-
terial undergoes remarkably little distortion. After hardening, the
steel resists tempering to a degree which is remarkable, and in this
sense the material can be regarded as intermediate between the carbon
and high-speed steels.

This unique combination of properties makes the steel admirably
suitable for all classes of blanking, drawing and trimming dies and
punches. Other uses are for bakelite moulds, edging and crimping
rolls, extrusion dies, wire drawing dies, master hobs and gauges.

Forging: This Steel being of a very dense nature should be handled
just as carefully as high-speed steel in forging. Heat to
2000° R, taking care to thoroughly soak, and do not
continue forging operations below 1600° F.

Annealing: Heat to 1650° F., and allow to cool in furnace.

Hardening: Heat slowly and carefully to 1850° F., soak thoroughly,
and then cool in air or quench in oil. Oil-quenching gives
a greater depth of hardening than air-cooling. Always
remember that alloy steels require a much longer soaking
time than straight carbon steels, and this factor increases
with increasing alloy content. Temper at 600° F., pre-
ferably before the material has gone quite cold in the
cooling operation.

Subject to High Speed Steel Classification of Extras

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

[26]

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

SPECIAL STEELS

(Continued)

B. B. HOT DIE STEEL

This Steel is a highly alloyed tungsten steel which has the property
of retaining its hardness at high temperatures, compared with the
usual grades of hot die steel.

It can therefore be used to advantage for hot heading, gripper and
forging dies, piercing tools and punches, etc. While its initial cost is
materially higher than that of the ordinary carbon, nickel or nickel
chrome die steels, experience on long runs has proved that by its use
the die cost per component produced is reduced to less than one-third.

Forging; Heat slowly to 2000° F. and hammer carefully. If tem-
perature drops below 1700° F., reheat to 2000° F. before
completing forging operation.

Annealing: Heat to 1550° F. for two hours and allow to cool very
slowly; preferably in the furnace.

Hardening: Heat to 1900° F. ; soak thoroughly and allow to cool in
air or an air blast.

Subject to High Speed Steel Classification of Extras

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

[27]

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

SPECIAL STEELS

(Continued)

"J=4" CHISEL STEEL

This is a high grade Crucible Alloy Tool Steel whose composition
is such that, properly treated, it combines cutting properties with tough-
ness and durability. This combination makes it ideal for all types of
shock tools, and it can be used to the greatest advantage for Hand and
Pneumatic Chisels, Sets, Stone Chisels, etc.

Forging: Heat slowly and thoroughly to a dull yellow (about 2000°

F.) and cease forging when the temperature has dropped

to a bright red (about 1475° F.).
Hardening: Heat slowly and carefully to a temperature of 1525°-1575°

F. (bright cherry red). Soak thoroughly and quench in

thin oil.

Tempering: Unnecessary, except in the case of very thin sections,
which should be tempered to a pale yellow color (425° F.)
In the manufacture of Pneumatic Chisels, after machining the
shank and forging the cutting edge, heat the whole Chisel to 1525°-
1575° F., and allow to cool in air prior to hardening the cutting edge.

OTHER SPECIALTIES

Cold Drawn Tool Steels
Cold Rolled Tool Steels

in Bars, Sheets, Strips and Coils

Cold Rolled Pen Steel
Truss Spring Steel
Self=Hardening Steel
Double Shear Steel
Drill Steel
Valve Steels
File Steel
etc., etc.

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

[28]

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

Notes on the Principles Underlying the
Heat Treatment of Steels

Hardening is of course the most important operation in tool pro-
duction and one which should be carried out with the precision of a
machining operation in order to get the best results.

A properly annealed straight carbon steel containing around about
one per cent, carbon consists of a mixture of about 15 per cent, carbide
of iron, known as cementite, the balance being iron, known as ferrite.
The cementite may be distributed throughout the mass in the form of
plates when the material is said to be pearlitic, or in the form of glob-
ules, when the material is spoken of as spheroidized. Either, or a com-
bination of these states, may be produced by varying the conditions of
annealing. On heating the Steel, as soon as a certain temperature
known as the decalescence or critical point is reached, the whole of the
carbide of iron tends to dissolve in or form a perfectly homogeneous
mixture with the iron.

This temperature is in the neighborhood of 1360° F., and if the
Steel be maintained at 1400°-14S0° F. (according to carbon content)
for a sufficient period of time, the whole of the cementite passes into
solution, and in order to get perfect hardening it is necessary that this
solution should be completed.

But at this temperature grain growth is fairly rapid, and if the
heating be too prolonged, a coarse fracture is obtained after quenching.
This gives the first precaution which should be taken, viz., the soaking
time should be long enough to complete the change, but not long enough
to bring about undue grain growth.

In this hot state the steel is said to be austenitic, and it is now in
a condition to enter the hardened state. By the very rapid cooling in-
duced by quenching, the steel remains hard, but slow cooling allows the
steel to regain its soft or annealed condition to a degree which is de-
termined by the rate of cooling. In order better to understand the
mechanism of hardening, it is desirable first to investigate the changes
which go on in the steel during slow cooling.

In the initial stages, the steel cools down at the same rate as the
furnace until the temperature reaches the critical temperature on cool-
ing known as decalescence. This temperature is 1290° F. for straight
carbon steels, and 1250° F. for the high manganese type of oil-harden-
ing steel. At this temperature the carbide of iron is rejected from

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

[29]

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

solution, and the heat of solution is evolved, causing a halt in the cool-
ing. After the whole of the carbide has been rejected from solution,
the steel then continues to cool down at the same rate as the furnace.

It will first be noticed that the decalescence point (Ac) is higher
than the recalescence point (Ar), and this explains why a piece of steel
will harden at a lower temperature on a "falling heat" than on a "rising
heat," a fact which is well known to all practical hardeners. This tem-
perature gap between the critical points on heating and cooling is of
all-importance in the efficient heat treatment of steels. The rate of
cooling through the Ac to Ar temperature range is by far the greatest
factor in determining the final state of the hardened and tempered tool.

As may be expected, the reformation of the carbide from solution
takes place in several stages, the first stage being the formation of min-
ute particles which gradually grow from ultra-microscopic size into
globules which can be readily distinguished under the microscope. In
this state the steel is said to be sorbitic. If the cooling is carried on at
a still slower rate, the particles associate themselves into plates or rods,
and give rise to pearlite, which is the common form of fully annealed
carbon steel. By reheating this fully annealed steel to a temperature
between the Ar and the Ac point, say 1330° F., these plates or rods of
cementite coalesce into globules again, and the steel is said to be "sphe-
roidized," which condition is maintained if the cooling be fairly rapid.

Having got the picture of the effects of slow cooling in our minds,
we can now pass on to a consideration of the effects of very rapid
cooling or quenching.

Quenching acts by preventing or tending to prevent the precipita-
tion of the carbon from solution in the form of cementite. But in
straight carbon steels the precipitation is so rapid that it is impossible
to prevent it altogether, except by the drastic method of quenching in
liquid air. After such treatment the steel is quite homogeneous, and
said to be austenitic. Strangely enough, this condition is not that of
maximum hardness. Quenching in cold water or brine brings about a
kind of intermediate state between the austenitic and the sorbitic, in
which a certain proportion of the carbon has been rejected from solu-
tion in the form of extremely minute particles uniformly distributed
throughout this mass, and it is this factor which is the principal cause
of the hardness of steel. Added to this, there is the molecular stress
set up by the effort of the dissolved carbide to revert to its stable or
undissolved condition, which contributes its quota to the hardness.

During the quenching operation the outer layers of the steel being
in contact with the quenching medium, lose their heat rapidly, but the

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

[30]

J ESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFI ELD STEELS

heat of the interior has to be dissipated through the outer layers. As
a result of this, the outer layers tend to contract on the interior, and
this sets up internal stresses purely of a mechanical nature. These in-
ternal stresses may become great enough to cause rupture of the steel,
a tendency which increases with the mass of material. The study of
these internal stresses is of great importance to the practical hardener
in carrying out hardening with a minimum amount of cracking. Irreg-
ular heating or cooling, of course, affects the distribution of the stresses,
and irregularly distributed stresses are much more liable to cause
cracking than stresses which are distributed uniformly. This accounts
for the greater tendency of intricate sections and those containing sharp
corners to crack.

Fortunately on reheating the hardened steel, internal stresses are
released at lower temperatures, and at greater rates than hardness is lost.
In fact it can be stated categorically that a properly hardened steel does
not lose any of its hardness at temperatures below 350° F., while even
boiling in water allows the release of a considerable amount of the
internal stress.

With regard to quenching media, it is a well known fact that their
hardening power is rapidly lost as the temperature increases. This is
particularly the case with water, the hardening power- of which rapidly
decreases with rising temperature,

In spite of all this, water is the best quenching medium for carbon
tool steels, but the tool should be moved about in the water, of which
there should be a supply sufficient to keep the temperature below 85°
F. On the other hand, very cold water is liable to cause cracking by in-
creasing the internal stresses. Consequently the temperature of the
water should not be allowed to fall below 65° F.

Brine does not lose its quenching power with rise of temperature
at anything like the same rate that water does, and this is the only
reason for its use. If a supply of running water is not available, then
it is advisable to use brine. It is commonly thought that steel quenched
in brine is harder than steel quenched in water, but this is only true
when so many pieces have been quenched that the liquids have become
appreciably heated. As a quenching fluid, brine should be regarded as
an adjunct to and not a substitute for water — it is useful when a supply
of running water and an adequate sized tank are not available, or when
a large number of small tools or components are treated by the method
of dump hardening.

From these brief notes, the following precautions in the hardening
of carbon steel tools can be deduced:

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

[ 31 ]

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

1. Use a furnace which is uniformly heated, so that temperature
gradients are absent.

2. Heat the tools slowly and uniformly to the hardening temperature.

3. Soak long enough to get the whole of the carbon into solution.

4. Do not soak too long nor exceed the hardening temperature, as
crystalline growth, leading to coarse fracture, proceeds very rapidly
at high temperatures.

5. See that the temperature of the quenching bath is in the neighbor-
hood of 70° F.

6. Remove the tool from the furnace into the quenching bath as
rapidly as possible,

7. Keep either the tool or the water moving during the immersion
period.

8. Remove the tool from the quenching medium when it is still warm
to the hand, and place it in the tempering bath immediately.

9. Temper at as high a temperature as possible for at least twenty
minutes. Tempering can be carried out at 350° F. for every pos-
sible type of tool and at 450° F. for most tools.

OiI=Hardening Steels

All the above remarks, both with regard to the theory as well as
the precautions to be taken, apply to Oil-Hardening Steels. The only
difference is that oil is used instead of water as a quenching medium.
In this respect it should be understood that the thinner the oil the
greater the hardening power. The necessary steps should be taken to
cool the oil and keep it in the neighborhood of 75° -85° F.

Alloy Steels

The effect of those elements which are added to tool steels are
three-fold. In the first place they affect the position of the critical
points; secondly, they decrease the rate at which the dissolved car-
bides are rejected from solution, and then tend to render the steels
self -hardening ; and thirdly, they may completely modify the properties
of the steel by the formation of complex carbides, as in the case of
high speed steels. But in a general way, the theoretical aspect is very
similar to that enunciated for straight carbon steels.

If the alloy steels are of the quenching type, the same precautions
as for carbon steel should be taken with the necessary temperature
modifications. At the same time it should be remembered that the
time of soaking should be longer in order to get the less mobile alloy
elements into solution.

Close adherence to these precautions will have a great influence
in eliminating hardening troubles.

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

[32]

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

Weight of Bar Steel Per Lineal Foot

Size

Round

Square

Hexagon

Octagon

.04

.05

.05

.04

ft"

.09

.12

.10

.10

.17

.21

.19

.18

ft"

.26

.33

.29

.28

w

.38

.48

.42

.40

ft"

.51

.65

.57

.54

VS

.67

.85

.75

,70

.85

1.08

.94

.89

V%

1.04

1.33

1.17

1 . 10

\l"

1.27

1.61

1 .41

1 .33

Va"

1.50

1.92

1.68

1 .58

18"

1.76

2.24

1.97

1.83

H"

2.04

2.60

2.29

2.16

it"

2.35

3.06

2.62

2.48

1 "

2.67

3.40

2.99

2.82

w

3.38

4.30

3.78

3.56

4.17

5.31

4.66

4.40

m"

5.05

6.43

5.65

5.32

\'A"

6.01

7.65

6.72

6.34

7.05'

8.98

7.89

7.32

W

8.18

10.40

9.14

8.64

m"

9.38

11.90

10.50

9.92

2 "

10.71

13.60

11.95

11.28

2Vs"

12.05

15.40

13.49

12.71

2%"

13.60

17.20

15.12

14.24

2H"

15.10

19.20

16.85

15.88

21/2"

16.68

21.20

18.66

17.65

For High-Speed Steel add Approximately 10%

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

[33]

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

Weight of Bar Steel Per Lineal Foot

(Continued)

Size

Round

Square

Hexagon

Octagon

25/ 8 "

18.39

23.50

20.58

19.45

w

20.18

25.70

22.59

21.28

22.06

28.20

24.69

23.28

3 •

24.10

30.60

26.88

25.36

3/ 8 "

26.12

33.13

29.16

27.50

Wa"

28.30

35.90

31.55

29.28

33/s"

30.45

38.64

34.00

32.10

3y 2 "

32.70

41.60

36.59

34.56

35.20

44.57

39.24

37.05

w

37.54

47.80

42.00

39.68

4 "

42.72

54.40

47.78

45.12

48.30

61.40

53.95

50.84

54.60

68.90

60.48

56.96

m-

60.30

76.70

67.39

63.52

5 "

66.80

85.00

74.66

70.60

Wa"

73.60

93.70

82.32

77.80

5y 2 "

80.80

102.80

90.36

85.15

Wa"

88.30

112.40

98.76

93.12

6 "

96.10

122.40

107.52

101.45

6y 2 "

113.20

143.60

126.20

117.12

7 "

130.80

166.40

146.36

138.24

8 "

170.88

217.60

191.12

180.48

9 *

218.40

275.60

241.92

227.84

10 "

267.20

340.00

298.64

282.40

11 "

323.00

411.20

361.44

340.60

12 w

384.00

489.60

470.08

405.80

For High=Speed Steel add Approximately 10%

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

[34]

u

ffl

"S

T3

4>
3

C

o
D

tu

9.57
10.63
11.69
12.75

13.81
14.87
15.94
17.00

18.06
19.13
20.19
21.25

22.32
23.38
24.44
25.50

26.57

27.63
28,69
29.75

30.81
31.87
32.94
34.00

1.01
2.02
3.03
4.04

5.05
6.06
7.07
8.08

9.09 j
10.10:
11.11
12.12

13.12
14.13
15.14
16.15

17.16
18.17 j
19.18
20.19

2i.20
22.21
23.22
24.23

25.24
26.25
27.26
28.27

29.27
30.28
31.29
32.30

.96
1.91
2.87
3.83

8.61
9.57
10.52
11.48

12.43
13.39
14.34
15.30

16.26
17.22 ;
18.17
19.13

20.08
21.04
21.99
22.95

23.91
24.87
25.82
26.78

n-

.90
1.81
2.71
3.61 ,

4.52
5.42
6.32
7.22

8.13
9.03
9.93
10.84

5333

15.35
16.26
17.16
18.06

18.96
19.87
20.77
21.68

I

m

.85
1.70
2.55
3.40

4.25
5.10
5.95
6.80

7.65
8.50
9.35
10.20

14.45
15.30
16.15
17.00

17.85
18.70
19.55
20.40

21.25
22.10
22.95
23.80

.80
1.59

2.39
3.19

5533

7.17
7.97
8.76
9 57

10.36
11.16
11.95
12.75

13.55
14.34
15.14
15.94

16.74
17.53
18.33
19.13

19.92

20.72
21.51
22.32

*

.744
1.49
2.23
2.98

5333

6.70
7.44
8,18
8.93

9.67
10.41
11.16
11.90

12.65
13.39
14.13
14.87

15.62
16.36
17.10
17.85

18.60
19.34
20.08
28.83

21.57
22.31
23.06
23.80

.691
1.38
2.07
2.76

3.45
4.15
4.83
5,53

6.22
6.91
7.60

8.98
9.67
10.36
11.05

11.74
12.43
13.12
13.81

14.50
15.20
15.88
16.58

17.27
17.96
18.65
19.34

CO

3.19
3.83
4.46
5.10

5.74
6.38
7.02
7.65

SsSl

10.84
11.48
12.12
12.75

13.39
14.03
14 66

15.94
16.58
17 2 9
1785

.584
1.17
1.75
2.34

2.92
3.51
4.09
4.67

5.26
5.84
6.43
7.02

mm

9.93
10.52
11.11
11.69

12.27
12.85
13.44
14.03

14.61
15.19
15.78

16.37

16.95
17.53
18.12
18.70

.5311
1.06'
1.59
2.12 j

2.65
3.19
3.72
4.25

4.78
5.31
5.84
6.38

5553

9.03
9.57
10.10
10.63

11.16
11.69
12.22
12.75

13.28
13.81
14.34
14.88

15.40
15.94
16.47
17.00

CM

.478
.96
1.44
1.92

2.39
2.87
3.35
3.83

mm

6.21
6.69
7.18
7.65

8.13
8.61
9.09
9.57

10.04
10.52
11.00
11.48

12.43
12.91
13.40

13.86
14.34
14.83
15.30

,425
.850
1.28
1.70,

2.12
2.55
2.98
3.40

3.83
4.25
4.67
5,10

5.53
5.95
6.38
6.80

7.22

7.65
8.08
8.50

8.93
9.35
9.78
10.20

10.63
11.05
11.47
11.90

12.33
1 12.75
13.18
13.60

1.861
2.23
2.60
2.98

3.35
3,72
4.09
4.47

3333

6.32 j
6.70
7.07
7.44

7.81
8.18
8.56
8.93

9.30
9.67
10.04
10.42

1 10.79
ill. 15
11.53
11.90

.3461
.692
1.04
1.38

1.73

2.08
2.42
2.72

3.11
3.46

3.80
4.15

4.49
4.84
5.18
5.53

5.87
6.22
6.56
6.91

7.25
7.60
7.94
8.29

8.74
8.98
9.33
9.67

10.02
10.36
10.71
11.05

1.59
1.92
2.23
2.55

2.87
3.19
3.51

5.42
5.74
6.06
6.38

.292
.585
.875 1
1.17

1.46
1.76
2.05
2.34

2.63
2.92
3.22
3.51

3.80
4.09
4.39
4.68

4.97
5.26
5 56
5.85

6.14
6.43
6 72

7.31

m

8.48
8.77
9 06
9!35

.2656
.5312
.797
1.06

1.33
1.59
1.86
2.12

33S2

3.45
3.72
3.99
4.25

4.52
4.78
5.05
5.31

3535

££££

1,20
1.43
1.68
1.92

2.15 1
2.39
2.63
2.87

3.11 1
3.35
3.59
3.83

4.064
4.304
4.54
4.79

5.98
6.22
6.46
6.70

t~>. CM u*)

m

1.06
1.28
1.49
1.70

1.92
2.12
2.34
2.55

2.76
2.98
3.19
3.40

3.61
3.83 !
4.04 ,
4.25

4.46
4.67
4.89
5 10

335*

6.16
6.38
6.59
6.80

.929
1.116
1.302
1.487

1.674

1.859
2.045
2.232

2.417
2.604
2.789
2.98

3.161
3.347
3.533
3.72

3.91
4.09
4.28
4.47

5.46
5.58
5.77
5.95

.797 i
.957
1.116
1.275

1.434
1.594
1.753
1.913

2.072
2.232
2.391
2.55

2.710
2.86S
3.03
3.19

3533

3.99
4.15
4.31
4.47

4.62
4.79
4.94
5.10

.138f
.2656
.399
.531

1.20
1.33
1.46
1.60

1.731
1.86
1.99
2.13 |

2.26
2.39
2.52
2.66

2.79 1
2.92
3.06
3.19

3.32
3.45
3.59
3.72

3.85
3.99
4.12
4.25

.1060 !

.2125
.319
.425 .

.531

.638
.744
.850

.957
1.06
1.17
1.28

TO*

3.08
3.19
3.30
3.40

C\] CM CM CM

cm cxi cm cm

mm

i— i t— i 1— i CM

[35]

©
©

G

Cu

+■»

ca

©

"3

T3
3

c

c
o
O

m omoin pin 010 '©in om

-h O M N r'-. X tO.'nO'vOHN^

cm" irj t-s." O cm in" t-J : o" cm" in od ' © co' m 06
»— 1 HHrH [CM CM CM CM [fQ.fa t*j PQ

00^)^1 -t 00 CO NO (

t^NO co VO O CO 1

^ 0 ^'

O rf 00 CM

t>* OS C\j Tf"
; co CO

*0 00 CM vO

NO^tN
XT xr in 10

i Oinom © in o u . _

I CM tv. CO 00 rfOMOOvC

1 i-ir^^M —1 CO NO* On i—"

O CM 00 O m O CM ^

<-H "Tf- j>. T-H Tj" 0O IT) r

no 06 o cj in r>* ©' cm" rt-

in in n£> NO >CHOKNN

cm co © CM SO On cm

^.^.sd 00*-"co'm'
CM "3" Hr

m O 00 ON"

in 00 cm Tj- •
00 O co m .

CM CM CM 1

OS NO :

tx 00 00 ON
On" >-* co m

"j og On 1
00* © CM* Tfr

_ co On
c*on •

i- Tf ro co 1

■3 co co c-

r-lCMl>,

ON<X)

5 0ccr>
. /vo'od

"M CM CM CM

t-i CO

NO cm ~-

CM <-h O O
CO* O CM*

© m 1— 1 r-«

CM OCiN
Cs ©' CM

co On ©
"~ co CM

voooO

— - m

CM O 00 O
fx 0\ O CM

00 O O I

00 m CM ON

NO* 00 © r- '

O 1 — 1 t^s CM I

O 00 w 1

m* no" 06 © 1

CM CM CM CM

OOOO
00 10 CM ON
C* CM xj- u
"* rj- Tl" >!f

Tf On On

CM NO O I*

NO l^. On 1- 1 CM
*t tj- in in

On Xn

in 1—1

. -3- j no r-> On 1

no O m 00

I ■HN'NIN

NO* tv! On ©'

CM CM-

■"•ftstcno*
On" O CM fi 1
— ' CM CM CM

X T CN

Tt-COCMNOO
t-< NO CM co

co Tt" v© t^' cK

xj- rj- tj-

0C tj-

-1- On o
Tj- 00

m rf to -

On TT

m r^' 00" ©

-00
inr^oc'©'

r- (VJ ^
0C © fH I

SS3U orqj;

00 m tj- cm O
^00 Tj-eo cm
cd o t-h* cm*
ro tj- tj-

CNCN)V)NO

m o m

^/l r^-
i-H CM

O 00 m fO
-h to no On
10 NO* t>" CO

O com co
roinco,-

NO* t>" On"

On i— 1 CM co

On 00 ^1 1
»-i CM

rH co ro '
* - '. i r
t-h CM

co I" NC t-

on O t-j c

x* o* — ; c

[36]

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

Weight of Sheet Steel

Birmingham Wire Gauge

Gauge

■\T_

IN 0.

Decimals

of
an Inch

Fractions

of
an Inch

Weight of One
Square Foot,
in Pounds

00000

.50

T /

n

.46875

1 5

19 .05

0000

.454

18.46

All C

.43/5

7

T*

1 1 io

1/ ,/o

000

.425

17.28

. 40625

16. 51

00

.380

15.45

.375

15 .24

.34375

1 1

13 .97

0

.340

13 .82

.3125

5

12 . 70

1

.300

12.20

.2968/0

1 Q/

12.07

2

.284

11 . 5o

.28125

9

11 .43

.265625

]7 /<34

10.80

3

.259

1 A CI

1U. 53

.250

34

10.16

4

.238

V .OO

.234375

1 K/

n ci

9.53

5

.220

O CtC

.21875

7

8.89

6

.203125

8.26

.1875

ft

7.62

7

.180

7.32

.171875

4*4

6.99

8

.165

6.71

.15625

A •

6.35

9

.148

6.09

.140625

%4

5.72

10

.134

5.45

.125

5.08

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

[37]

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

Weight of Sheet Steel

Birmingham Wire Gauge
(Continued)

Gauge
No,

Decimals

01

an Inch

Fractions

of
an Inch

Weight of One

oij.ud.rc j uui)

in Pounds

11

.120

4.88

12

.109375

7 /64

4.44

13

.095

3.86

.09375

3.81

14

.083

3.37

.078125

%4

3.18

15

.072

2.93

16

.065

2.64

.0625

A

2.54

17

.058

2.36

18

.049

1.99

.046875

%4

1.91

19

.042

1.71

20

.035

1.42

21

.032

1.30

.03125

1.27

22

.028

1.14

23

.025

1.02

24

.022

.89

25

.020

.81

26

.018

.73

27

.016

.65

.015625

.64

28

.014

.57

29

.013

.53

30

.012

.49

31

.010

.41

32

.009

.37

33

.008

.33

34

.007

.28

35

.005

.20

36

.004

.16

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

[38]

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

O t

. 1-1 o o o

i H N C) ^

< eq o

• tN. VO CM 00 -

h in mN O ^ M O

. O O O

I 00 00

1 C\ N w
s o cm m

* CM CM <N

• ooooo

. O O oooooooooo©

h CM cm CM <M <N

Xn. 00 C\ O CM '

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

[39]

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

Temperature Conversion Table

EQUIVALENT TEMPERATURES IN
CENTIGRADE AND FAHRENHEIT

Cent. 0

Fahr. 0

Cent. 0

Fahr.°

Cent."

Fahr.°

Cent. 0

Fahr.°

Cent. 0

Fahr.*

100

212

370

698

640

1184

910

1670

1180

2156

110

230

380

716

650

1202

920

1688

1190

2174

120

248

390

734

660

1220

930

1706

1200

2192

130

266

400

752

670

1238

940

1724

1210

2210

140

284

410

770

680

1256

950

1742

1220

2228

150

302

420

788

690

1274

960

1760

1230

2246

160

320

430

806

700

1292

970

1778

1240

2264

170

338

440

824

710

1310

980

1796

1250

2282

180

356

450

842

720

1328

990

1814

126U

23UU

190

374

460

860

730

1346

1000

1832

1270

2318

200

392

470

878

740

1364

1010

1850

1280

2336

210

410

480

896

750

1382

1020

1868

1290

2354

220

428

490

914

760

1400

1030

1886

1300

2372

230

446

500

932

770

1418

1040

1904

1310

2390

240

464

510

950

780

1436

1050

1922

1320

2408

250

482

520

968

790

1454

1060

1940

1330

2426

260

500

530

986

800

1472

1070

1958

1340

2444

270

518

540

1004

810

1490

1080

.1976

1350

2462

280

536

550

1022

820

1508

1090

1994

1360

2480

290

554

560

1040

830

1526

1100

2012

1370

2498

300

572

570

1058

840

1544

1110

2030

1380

2516

310

590

580

1076

850

1562

1120

2048

1390

2534

320

608

590

1094

860

1580

1130

2066

1400

2552

330

626

600

1112

870

1598

1140

2084

1410

2570

340

644

610

1130

880

1616

1150

2102

1420

2588

350

662

620

1148

890

1634

1160

2120

1430

2606

360

680

630

1166

900

1652

1170

2138

1440

2624

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

[40]

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

Comparative Standard Hardness Tests

BRINELL

o v Jjrjivv Jot. .v ji Cj

ROCKWELL
C

Dia.. of Impression

Number

4.79

156

0

4.76

158

1

4.74

160

2

4.71

162

3

4.67

165

4

4.63

168

5

4.59

171

6

4.56

174

7

4.52

177

28

8

4.48

180

29

9

4.45

183

29

10

4.41

186

29

11

4.37

190

29

12

4.34

193

30

13

4.30

197

30

14

4.25

201

30

15

4.21

206

31

16

4.17

210

32

17

4.12

215

32

18

4.08

220

33

19

4.03

225

33

20

3.99

230

34

21

3.95

235

35

22

3.90 •

241

36

23

3.86

247

36

24

3.81

253

37

25

5.//

38

26

3.73

265

39

27

3.68

272

40

oo

3.64

279

41

29

3.59

286

42

30

3.55

294

43

31

3.51

301

44

32

3.46

309

45

33

3.42

318

46

34

3.37

327

47

35

3.32

337

48

36

3.27

347

50

37

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

[41]

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

Comparative Standard Hardness Tests

(Continued)

BRINELL

l^tFj Is. \ KJl il,

ROCKWELL

C

Dia. of Impression

Number

3.23

357

51

38

3.18 •

367

52

39

3.14

377

53

40

3.10

387

54

41

3.06

398

56

42

3.02

408

57

43

2.98

419

58

44

2.95

430

59

45

2.91

442

61

46

2.88

453

62

47

2.84

464

63

48

2.80

476

65

49

2.77

488

66

50

2 74

500

67

51

2.71

512

69

52

2.68

524

70

53

2.65

536

71

54

2.62

548

73

55

2.59

561

74

DO

2.56

574

76

57

2.53

587

77

58

2.50

600

78

59

2.47

613

80

60

2.45

627

81

61

82

62

84

63

64

65

66

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

[42]

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

Millimeter Equivalents in Inches

Millimeters

Inches

Millimeters

Inches

Millimeters

Inches

.10 =

.0039

29

1.1427

66

_

2.5984

.20 =

.0079

30

1.1811

67

_

2.6378

.30 =

.0118

31

1.2205

68

2.6772

.40 =

.0157

32

1.2599

69

2.7165

.50 =

.0197

33

1.2992

70

2.7559

.60 —

.0236

34

1.3386

71

2.7953

.70 =

.0276

35

1.3780

72

,

2.8346

.80 ==

.0315

36

1.4173

73

2.8740

.90 =

.0354

37

1.4567

74

2.9134

1 =

,0394

38

1.4961

75

_

2.9528

2 —

.0787

39

1.5354

76

_

2.9921

3 =

.1181

40

1.5748

77

3.0315

4 =

.1575

41

1.6142

78

3.0709

5 =

.1969

42

1.6536

79

z

3.1102

6 =

.2362

43

1.6929

80

_

3.1496

7 =

.2756

44

1.7323

81

_

3.1890

8 ^

.3150

45

1.7717

82

3,2283

9 =

.3543

46

1.8810

83

3.2677

10 =

.3937

47

1.8504

84

. .

3.3071

11 =

.4331

48

1.8988

85

3.3465

12 =

.4724

49

1.9291

86

3.3858

13 z£

.5118

50

1.9685

87

3.4252

14 =

.4412

51

2.0079

88

3.4646

15 =

.5906

52

2.0472

89

3.5039

16 =

.6299

53

2.0866

90

3.5433

17 -

.6693

54

2.1260

91

3.5827

18 =

.7087

55

2.1654

92

z

3.6221

19 =

.7480

56

2.2047

93

—

3.6614

20 ~

.7874

57

2.2441

94

3.7008

21 =

.8268

58

2.2835

95

3.7402

99 —

. oOOl

59

96

23 =

.9055

60

2.3622

97

3.8189

24 =

.9449

61

2.4016

98

3.8583

25' z=z

.9843

62

2.4409

99

3.8976

26 =

1.0236

63

2.4803

100

3.9370

27 =

1.0630

64

2.5197

28 =

1.1024

65

2.5591

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

[43]

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

Areas of Square and Round Bars

Thickness

Area of

Area of

Thickness

Area of

Area of

or Diam.

Square Bar

Round Bar

or Diam,

Square Bar

Round Bar

in

in Sq.

in Sq.

in

in Sq.

in Sq.

Inches

Inches

Inches

Inches

Inches

Inches

A

.0039

.0031

3H

12.250

9.6211

%

.0156

.0123

13.141

10.321

A

.0352

.0276

14.063

11.045

Ya

.0625

.0491

15.016

11.793

A

.0977

.0767

4

16.000

12.566

H

.1406

.1104

4Vb

17.016

13.364

A

.1914

.1503

4*A

18.063

14.186

.2500

.1963

W%

19.141

15.033

A

.3164

.2485

4H

20.250

15.904

.3906

.3068

4H

21.391

16.800

H

.4727

.3712

Wa

22.563

17.721

&

.5625

.4418

*H

23.766

18.665

H

.6602

.5185

5

25.000

19,635

.7656

.6013

5^

26.266

20.629

if

.8789

.6903

SX

27.563

21.648

l

1.0000

.7854

28.891

22.691

1A

1.1289

.8866

sy*

30.250

23.758

15*

1.2656

.9940

31.641

24.851

1A

1.4102

1.1075

5U

33.063

25.967

1.5625

1.2272

5Ji

34.516

27.109

1A

1.7227

1.3530

6

36.000

28.274

IH

1.8906

1.4849

6%

37.516

29.465

*A

2.0664

1.6230

6%

39.063

30.680

1J4

2.2500

1.7671

<>tt

40.641

31.919

1A

2.4414

1.9175

6y 2

42.250

33.183

IX

2.6406

2.0739

6H

43.891

34.472

IH

2.8477

2.2365

6H

45.563

35,785

m

3.0625

2.4053

6%

47.266

37.122

3.2852

2.5802

7

49.000

38.485

m

3.5156

2.7612

7%

50.766

39.871

3.7539

2.9483

7H

52.563

41.283

2

4.0000

3.1416

m

54.391

42.718

2A

4.2539

3.3410

56.250

44.179

2%

4.5156

3.5466

7V 4

60.063

47.173

2A

4.7852

3.7583

8

64.000

50.266

2Va

5.0625

3.9761

8H

68.063

53.456

2A

5.3477

4.2000

sy 2

72.250

56.745

5.6406

4.4301

m

76,563

60.132

2A

5.9414

4.6664

9

81.000

63.617

2y 2

6.2500

4,9087

9%

85.563

67.201

2A

6.5664

5.1573

9%

90.250

70.882

6.8906

5.4119

9H

95.063

74.662

2H

7.2227

5.6727

10

100.00

78.540

2M

7.5625

5.9396

105.06

82,516

2i§

7,9102

6.2126

ioy 2

110.25

86.590

2^

8.2656

6.4918

10H

115.56

90.763

2i§

8.6289

6.7771

n

121.00

95.033

3

9.0000

7.0686

1154

126.56

99.402

3^

9.7656

7.6699

ny 2

132.25

103.87

3K

10.563

8.2958

IW

138.06

108.43

3^

11.391

8.9462

12

144.00

113.09

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

[44]

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

Fractions of an Inch in Equivalent Decimals

Fractions
of an
Inch

Decimals
of an
Inch

Fractions
of an
Inch

Decimals
of an
Inch j?

Vu

=

.015625

3 %4

.515625

—

.03125

—

.53125

%4

.046875

3 %4

=

.546875

is

=

.0625

.5625

%4

.078125

37 /64

.578125

=

.09375

U

—

.59375

5=

.109375

3 %4

—

.609375

=

.125

5 /6

—

.625

%4

==

.140625

*%4

—

.640625

=

.15625

§*

.65625

n /64

.171875

4 %4

—

.671875

A

=

.1875

tt

=

.6875

.203125

4 %4

=

.703125

.21875

If

.71875

15 /64

=

.234375

47 /64

—

.734375

%

—

.250

34

—

.750

17 /64

—

.265625

4 %4

.76525

A

=

.28125

H

.78125

19 /64

—

.296875

51 /64

—

.796875

—

.3125

H

—

.8125

2 %4

—

.328125

5%4

.828125

.34375

—

.84375

2 %4

—

.359375

=

.859375

.375

K

—

.875

2 %4

.390625

5 %4

.890625

H

.40625

§1

.90625

2 %4

.421875

5 %4

.921875

.4375

11

.9375

2 %4

.453125

<%4

.953125

If

.46875

§5

.96875

3 %4

.484375

6 %4

.984375

V2

.500

lin.

1.000

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

[45]

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

THERMOMETER CONVERSION SCALE

In the United States and Canada the Fahrenheit temperature scale is in
almost general use, and in this catalogue reference to degrees of temperature is
to that scale.

However, since certain countries use the metric system, and many technical
publications refer to degrees of temperature according to the Centigrade scale,
the following rules for conversion will be found useful :

TO SECURE FAHRENHEIT READING:

Multiply the known Centigrade reading by nine-fifths (9/5) and add 32.

TO SECURE CENTIGRADE READING:

Subtract 32 from the known Fahrenheit reading and multiply the remainder
by five-ninths (5/9).

USEFUL RULES

To find the area of a circle, multipy the square of the diameter by .7854.

To find the area of a square, or of a rectangle, multiply the width by the
thickness.

To find the area of an octagon, multiply the square of the diameter of the
inscribed circle by .828.

To find the area of a regular hexagon, multiply the square of the diameter of
the inscribed circle by .866.

To find the area of a triangle, multiply the width of the base by one-half of
the perpendicular height.

To find the area of a trapezoid, multiply the sum of the parallel sides by the
perpendicular distance between them, and divide the product by two (2).

The weight of one cubic foot of steel is approximately 490 pounds.

The weight of one cubic inch of steel is approximately .285 pound, but since
steel is commercially supplied slightly "full" to dimensions specified, .3 may be
used in calculating weights when the cubic inches in any piece or bar is known.

While this method does not supply accurate weight information, it never-
theless produces results which are sufficiently true for ordinary purposes.

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

[46]

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

United States
Branch Houses and Agencies

NEW YORK, N, Y...Wm. Jessop & Sons, Inc 91 John St.

BOSTON, Mass Wm. Jessop & Sons, inc 163 High St.

CHICAGO, III Wm. Jessop & Sons, Inc 1857 Fulton St.

BALTIMORE, Md Wm. G. Wetherall 311-317 President St.

BRIDGEPORT, Conn. ...Hunter & Havens 245 Water St.

BUFFALO, N. Y Beals, McCarthy & Rogers, Inc 40 Terrace.

DERBY, Conn The F. Hal lock Co 116 Main St.

DETROIT, Mich Craine-Schrage Steel Co 6189 Hamilton Ave.

HARTFORD, Conn L. L Ellsworth & Son, Inc 340-350 Front St.

LOS ANGELES, Cal. ...Southern Steel & Supply Co., Inc.... 612 E. 12th St.

NEWARK, N. J James A. Coe & Co 395 Washington St.

NEW HAVEN, Conn. . . .The C. S. Mersick & Co 286 State St.

PHILADELPHIA, Pa. . E. L. Hand & Co 521 Arch St.

PROVIDENCE, R. I Nightingale, Baker & Salisbury 180 W. Exchange St.

ROCHESTER, N. Y Homer Strong & Co 285 State St.

ST. LOUIS, Mo Beck & Corbitt Co. First St., from Ashley to O'Fallon.

SAN FRANCISCO, Cal. . S. F. Dickes 20-22 Natoma St.

SYRACUSE, N. Y Burhans & Black, Inc 136 N. Salina St.

WATERBURY, Conn. ...Chas. A. Templeton, Inc 13 E. Main St.

WORCESTER, Mass Geo. F. Blake, Jr., & Co Junction of Bridge, Mechanic & Foster Sts.

Canadian
Branch House and Agencies

Toronto, Ont Wm. Jessop & Sons, Ltd 230 Bay St.

Montreal, Que F. Bacon & Co., Ltd 131 St. Paul St. W.

Vancouver, B. C McLennan, McFeely & Co., Ltd. ...99 Cordova St. E.

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

[47]

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

Foreign Depots

LONDON
PARIS

MUNICH

BRUSSELS
LEEDS

MANCHESTER

BIRMINGHAM
GLASGOW

BELFAST

ROTTERDAM

HELSINGFORS
OSLO

BUCHAREST

JOHANNESBURG
MELBOURNE
BOMBAY

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

[48]

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

Index

PAGE

Agencies 47

Alloy "B" Steel (Fast Finishing) 25

Alloy "C" Steel (High Production) 26

Alloy Chisel Steel 28

Alloy Steels for Special Purposes 24

Alloy Tool Steels 24

Annealing Alloy Steels 29

Annealing Carbon Steels 11

Annealing High Speed Steels 21

Areas, Square ancj, Round Bars . 44

Ark High Speed Steel 21

Ark Superior High Speed Steel . 21

Ark Superlative High Speed Steel 21

Ark Superior Tool Holder Bits 22

Bar Steel— Table of Weights 33

Best Quality Cast Steel 8

B. B. Hot Die Steel 27

Birmingham Wire Gauge Equivalents 37

Bits for Tool Holders * 22

Black Label Cast Steel 10

Blanking Die Special Steel 26

Blanks— Cutter 15

Blanks— Steel 15

Blocks — Die 15

Bolt Die Steel 27

Branch Houses 47

Brinell Test Table * 41

Carbon Tool Steels — Yellow Label 8

Green Label 9

Black Label .10

Carbon Tool Steels — Annealing, Forging, Hardening, Tempering, etc. . 11

Carbon Tool Steels — Classification of Extras 16

Carbon Tool Steels — Suggestions for Heat Treatment 11

Carbon Tool Steels — Tempering Colors and Temperatures ..... 13

Carbon Sheet Steels . 18

Carbon Hack Saw Steel 1 . . 19

Centigrade and Fahrenheit Temperatures 40

Circular Saw Plates 18

Circular Saw Plates — Extras 20

Circular Saw Plates, Weights of 39

Cold Drawn Steels 28

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

[ 49 ]

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

D

Index

(Continued)

Cold Rolled Steels 28

Composite Die Steel 24

Conditions and Terms of Sale 1

Conversion Table Hardness Standards 41

Conversion Table— Fahrenheit and Centigrade 40

Cutting Carbon Steels If

Cutting High Speed Steel -23

Colors — Tempering ^

Canadian Branch House 47

Canadian Agencies . 47

Carbon Tool Steel— Hints on Ordering " 6

Chisel Steel, "J-4" 28

Die Steel— Yellow Label 8

Green Label 1

Black Label . 10

Non-Shrinkable Oil-Hardening . M

Die Steel — Composite 2 4

Die Steel for Hot Work 27

Die Blocks ||

Discs — Forged ||

Drawing Die Steel— Special 26

Drill Steel 28

Duro Steel 24

Extras— Carbon Tool Steel . 16

Extras — Carbon Sheet Steel 20

Extras — High Speed Steel 2 ^

Extras— Circular Saw Plates . 20

Fahrenheit and Centigrade Temperatures 40

Fast Finishing Steel — Alloy "B" 2 ^

File Steel 28

Forging Carbon Steel 11

Forging Hot Die Steel 27

Forging High Speed Steel 21

Forgings — Special Shapes 15

Foreign Depots 48

Fractions of Inches with Decimal Equivalents . . 45

Gauge — Birmingham Wire 37

Gin Saw Steel * 8

Green Label Cast Steel 9

Grinding High Speed Steel 22

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

[50]

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

H

M

O

Index

(Continued)

Hack Saw Steel (Tungsten and Carbon) 19

Half Iron and Half Steel 24

Hardening — Carbon Steel 12

High Speed Steel .21

Oil-Hardening Steel . . 14

Hardness Tests — Comparative Table . 41

Heat Treatment — Carbon Steel 1*

High Speed Steel 21

Oil-Hardening Steel 14

Principles Underlying 29

High Speed Steel Tool Bits 22

High Speed Steel 21

High Speed Steel Extras 23

Hints on Ordering Carbon Tool Steels . 6

Hot Work Steel 27

Introductory 3

Knife Spring Steel 18

Linter Saw Steel 18

Metric Units Table . 43

Millimeter Equivalents in Inches 43

Non-Shrinkable Oil-Hardening Steel 14

Oil-Hardening Non-Shrinkable Steel 14

Pen Steel . 28

Plates — Circular Saw 18

Special Alloy IS

Special Shape 15

Principles Underlying the Heat Treatment of Steels 29

Rings — Forged Steel 15

Rockwell Test Table 41

Rolls—Forged Steel 15

Rules — Calculating 46

Saw Steel !8

Spring Steel 18

Sheet Steel 18

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

[51]

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

U

w

Index

(Continued)

Steel Discs 15

Steel Rings

Steel Blocks ...... \:

Steel Blanks 15

Steel Forgings 15

Self-Hardening Steel

Shore Test Table 41

Scleroscope Test Table 41

Superior Oil-Hardening Steel 14

Steels— High Speed 21

Steels — Carbon 8

Steels — Special 2-

Superior "Ark" High Speed Steel 21

Superlative "Ark" High Speed Steel 21

Slotting Saw Steel 18

Table Comparative Hardness Tests 41

Tempering — Carbon Steel . 12

High Speed Steel . 21

Oil-Hardening Steel (Non-Shrinkable) 14

Tempering Colors and Temperatures 13

Temperature Conversion Table . 40

Terms and Conditions of Sale $

Thermometer Conversion Scale 46

Tool Steel — Carbon 8

Non-Shrinkable 14

High Speed 21

Trimming Dies — Special 26

Tool Steel Forgings . . 15

Treatment Carbon Tool Steels * ...... 1 1

Useful Rules 46

Weight — Bar Steel 33

Round, Square, Hexagon, Octagon 33

Flats 35

Sheet Steel 37

Circular Saw Plates 39

Yellow Label Steel (Best Carbon) 8

JESSOP'S GENUINE SHEFFIELD STEELS

[52]

PRESS OF
LOUGH LlN BROS.
NEW YORK CITY